bunch of training and label latency fixes, also trained 70% accurate model.

EMG_Arm/platformio.ini

@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ board_upload.maximum_size = 33554432
 ; and I can give you the content for it.
 board_build.partitions = partitions.csv
 
-monitor_speed = 115200
+monitor_speed = 921600
 monitor_dtr = 1
 monitor_rts = 1

EMG_Arm/src/app/main.c

@@ -232,9 +232,8 @@ static void stream_emg_data(void)
         /* Read EMG (fake or real depending on FEATURE_FAKE_EMG) */
         emg_sensor_read(&sample);
 
-        /* Output in CSV format matching Python expectation */
+        /* Output in CSV format - channels only, Python handles timestamps */
-        printf("%lu,%u,%u,%u,%u\n",
+        printf("%u,%u,%u,%u\n",
-               (unsigned long)sample.timestamp_ms,
                sample.channels[0],
                sample.channels[1],
                sample.channels[2],
@@ -283,7 +282,7 @@ void emgPrinter() {
       if (i != EMG_NUM_CHANNELS - 1) printf(" | ");
     }
     printf("\n");
-    vTaskDelayUntil(&previousWake, pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
+    // vTaskDelayUntil(&previousWake, pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
   }
 }
 
@@ -339,6 +338,6 @@ void app_main(void)
 
     printf("[INIT] Done!\n\n");
 
-    emgPrinter();
+    // emgPrinter();
-    // appConnector();
+    appConnector();
 }

EMG_Arm/src/config/config.h

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
  * EMG Configuration
  ******************************************************************************/
 
-#define EMG_NUM_CHANNELS          1     /**< Number of EMG sensor channels */
+#define EMG_NUM_CHANNELS          4     /**< Number of EMG sensor channels */
 #define EMG_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ        1000  /**< Samples per second per channel */
 
 /*******************************************************************************

EMG_Arm/src/drivers/emg_sensor.c

@@ -19,7 +19,12 @@
 adc_oneshot_unit_handle_t adc1_handle; 
 adc_cali_handle_t cali_handle = NULL;
 
-const uint8_t emg_channels[EMG_NUM_CHANNELS] = {ADC_CHANNEL_1};
+const uint8_t emg_channels[EMG_NUM_CHANNELS] = {
+    ADC_CHANNEL_1,  // GPIO 2 - EMG Channel 0
+    ADC_CHANNEL_2,  // GPIO 3 - EMG Channel 1
+    ADC_CHANNEL_8,  // GPIO 9 - EMG Channel 2
+    ADC_CHANNEL_9   // GPIO 10 - EMG Channel 3
+};
 
 /*******************************************************************************
  * Public Functions
@@ -94,7 +99,6 @@ void emg_sensor_read(emg_sample_t *sample)
       ESP_ERROR_CHECK(adc_cali_raw_to_voltage(cali_handle, raw_val, &voltage_mv));
       sample->channels[i] = (uint16_t) voltage_mv;
     }
-    printf("\n");
 
 #endif
 }

emg_gui.py

@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ class CollectionPage(BasePage):
         self.scheduler = None
         self.collected_windows = []
         self.collected_labels = []
+        self.collected_raw_samples = []  # For label alignment
         self.sample_buffer = []
         self.collection_thread = None
         self.data_queue = queue.Queue()
@@ -511,7 +512,7 @@ class CollectionPage(BasePage):
             ax.tick_params(colors='white')
             ax.set_ylabel(f'Ch{i}', color='white', fontsize=10)
             ax.set_xlim(0, 500)
-            ax.set_ylim(0, 1024)
+            ax.set_ylim(0, 3300)  # ESP32 outputs millivolts (0-3100 mV)
             ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
             for spine in ax.spines.values():
                 spine.set_color('white')
@@ -648,6 +649,7 @@ class CollectionPage(BasePage):
         # Reset state
         self.collected_windows = []
         self.collected_labels = []
+        self.collected_raw_samples = []  # Store raw samples for label alignment
         self.sample_buffer = []
         print("[DEBUG] Reset collection state")
 
@@ -800,6 +802,9 @@ class CollectionPage(BasePage):
                 timeout_warning_sent = False
                 sample = self.parser.parse_line(line)
                 if sample:
+                    # Store raw sample for label alignment
+                    self.collected_raw_samples.append(sample)
+
                     # Batch samples for plotting (don't send every single one)
                     sample_batch.append(sample.channels)
 
@@ -932,9 +937,25 @@ class CollectionPage(BasePage):
             notes=""
         )
 
-        filepath = storage.save_session(self.collected_windows, self.collected_labels, metadata)
+        # Get session start time for label alignment
+        session_start_time = None
+        if self.scheduler and self.scheduler.session_start_time:
+            session_start_time = self.scheduler.session_start_time
 
-        messagebox.showinfo("Saved", f"Session saved!\n\nID: {session_id}\nWindows: {len(self.collected_windows)}")
+        filepath = storage.save_session(
+            windows=self.collected_windows,
+            labels=self.collected_labels,
+            metadata=metadata,
+            raw_samples=self.collected_raw_samples if self.collected_raw_samples else None,
+            session_start_time=session_start_time
+        )
+
+        # Check if alignment was performed
+        alignment_msg = ""
+        if session_start_time and self.collected_raw_samples:
+            alignment_msg = "\n\nLabel alignment: enabled"
+
+        messagebox.showinfo("Saved", f"Session saved!\n\nID: {session_id}\nWindows: {len(self.collected_windows)}{alignment_msg}")
 
         # Update sidebar
         app = self.winfo_toplevel()
@@ -944,6 +965,7 @@ class CollectionPage(BasePage):
         # Reset for next collection
         self.collected_windows = []
         self.collected_labels = []
+        self.collected_raw_samples = []
         self.save_button.configure(state="disabled")
         self.status_label.configure(text="Ready to collect")
         self.window_count_label.configure(text="Windows: 0")

learning_data_collection.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 # =============================================================================
 NUM_CHANNELS = 4          # Number of EMG channels (MyoWare sensors)
 SAMPLING_RATE_HZ = 1000   # Must match ESP32's EMG_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ
-SERIAL_BAUD = 115200      # Typical baud rate for ESP32
+SERIAL_BAUD = 921600      # High baud rate to prevent serial buffer backlog
 
 # Windowing configuration
 WINDOW_SIZE_MS = 150      # Window size in milliseconds
@@ -55,6 +55,27 @@ DATA_DIR = Path("collected_data")  # Directory to store session files
 MODEL_DIR = Path("models")         # Directory to store trained models
 USER_ID = "user_001"               # Current user ID (change per user)
 
+# =============================================================================
+# LABEL ALIGNMENT CONFIGURATION
+# =============================================================================
+# Human reaction time causes EMG activity to lag behind label prompts.
+# We detect when EMG actually rises and shift labels to match.
+
+ENABLE_LABEL_ALIGNMENT = True     # Enable/disable automatic label alignment
+ONSET_THRESHOLD = 2             # Signal must exceed baseline + threshold * std
+ONSET_SEARCH_MS = 2000           # Search window after prompt (ms)
+
+# =============================================================================
+# TRANSITION WINDOW FILTERING
+# =============================================================================
+# Windows near gesture transitions contain ambiguous data (reaction time at start,
+# muscle relaxation at end). Discard these during training for cleaner labels.
+# This is standard practice in EMG research (see Frontiers Neurorobotics 2023).
+
+DISCARD_TRANSITION_WINDOWS = True  # Enable/disable transition filtering during training
+TRANSITION_START_MS = 300          # Discard windows within this time AFTER gesture starts
+TRANSITION_END_MS = 150            # Discard windows within this time BEFORE gesture ends
+
 # =============================================================================
 # DATA STRUCTURES
 # =============================================================================
@@ -187,30 +208,27 @@ class EMGParser:
         """
         Parse a line from ESP32 into an EMGSample.
 
-        Expected format: "timestamp_ms,ch0,ch1,ch2,ch3\n"
+        Expected format: "ch0,ch1,ch2,ch3\n" (channels only, no ESP32 timestamp)
+        Python assigns timestamp on receipt for label alignment.
         Returns None if parsing fails.
         """
         try:
             # Strip whitespace and split
             parts = line.strip().split(',')
 
-            # Validate we have correct number of fields
+            # Validate we have correct number of fields (channels only)
-            expected_fields = 1 + self.num_channels  # timestamp + channels
+            if len(parts) != self.num_channels:
-            if len(parts) != expected_fields:
                 self.parse_errors += 1
                 return None
 
-            # Parse ESP32 timestamp
-            esp_timestamp_ms = int(parts[0])
-
             # Parse channel values
-            channels = [float(parts[i + 1]) for i in range(self.num_channels)]
+            channels = [float(parts[i]) for i in range(self.num_channels)]
 
-            # Create sample with Python-side timestamp
+            # Create sample with Python-side timestamp (aligned with label clock)
             sample = EMGSample(
                 timestamp=time.perf_counter(),  # High-resolution monotonic clock
                 channels=channels,
-                esp_timestamp_ms=esp_timestamp_ms
+                esp_timestamp_ms=None  # No longer using ESP32 timestamp
             )
 
             self.samples_parsed += 1
@@ -491,6 +509,179 @@ class GestureAwareEMGStream(SimulatedEMGStream):
             time.sleep(interval)
 
 
+# =============================================================================
+# LABEL ALIGNMENT (Simple Onset Detection)
+# =============================================================================
+from scipy.signal import butter, sosfiltfilt
+
+
+def align_labels_with_onset(
+    labels: list[str],
+    window_start_times: np.ndarray,
+    raw_timestamps: np.ndarray,
+    raw_channels: np.ndarray,
+    sampling_rate: int,
+    threshold_factor: float = 2.0,
+    search_ms: float = 800
+) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    Align labels to EMG onset by detecting when signal rises above baseline.
+
+    Simple algorithm:
+    1. High-pass filter to remove DC offset
+    2. Compute RMS envelope across channels
+    3. At each label transition, find where envelope exceeds baseline + threshold
+    4. Move label boundary to that point
+    """
+    if len(labels) == 0:
+        return labels.copy()
+
+    # High-pass filter to remove DC (raw ADC has ~2340mV offset)
+    nyquist = sampling_rate / 2
+    sos = butter(2, 20.0 / nyquist, btype='high', output='sos')
+
+    # Filter and compute envelope (RMS across channels)
+    filtered = np.zeros_like(raw_channels)
+    for ch in range(raw_channels.shape[1]):
+        filtered[:, ch] = sosfiltfilt(sos, raw_channels[:, ch])
+    envelope = np.sqrt(np.mean(filtered ** 2, axis=1))
+
+    # Smooth envelope
+    sos_lp = butter(2, 10.0 / nyquist, btype='low', output='sos')
+    envelope = sosfiltfilt(sos_lp, envelope)
+
+    # Find transitions and detect onsets
+    search_samples = int(search_ms / 1000 * sampling_rate)
+    baseline_samples = int(200 / 1000 * sampling_rate)
+
+    boundaries = []  # (time, new_label)
+
+    for i in range(1, len(labels)):
+        if labels[i] != labels[i - 1]:
+            prompt_time = window_start_times[i]
+
+            # Find index in raw signal closest to prompt time
+            prompt_idx = np.searchsorted(raw_timestamps, prompt_time)
+
+            # Get baseline (before transition)
+            base_start = max(0, prompt_idx - baseline_samples)
+            baseline = envelope[base_start:prompt_idx]
+            if len(baseline) == 0:
+                boundaries.append((prompt_time + 0.3, labels[i]))
+                continue
+
+            threshold = np.mean(baseline) + threshold_factor * np.std(baseline)
+
+            # Search forward for onset
+            search_end = min(len(envelope), prompt_idx + search_samples)
+            onset_idx = None
+
+            for j in range(prompt_idx, search_end):
+                if envelope[j] > threshold:
+                    onset_idx = j
+                    break
+
+            if onset_idx is not None:
+                onset_time = raw_timestamps[onset_idx]
+            else:
+                onset_time = prompt_time + 0.3  # fallback
+
+            boundaries.append((onset_time, labels[i]))
+
+    # Assign labels based on detected boundaries
+    aligned = []
+    boundary_idx = 0
+    current_label = labels[0]
+
+    for t in window_start_times:
+        while boundary_idx < len(boundaries) and t >= boundaries[boundary_idx][0]:
+            current_label = boundaries[boundary_idx][1]
+            boundary_idx += 1
+        aligned.append(current_label)
+
+    return aligned
+
+
+def filter_transition_windows(
+    X: np.ndarray,
+    y: np.ndarray,
+    labels: list[str],
+    start_times: np.ndarray,
+    end_times: np.ndarray,
+    transition_start_ms: float = TRANSITION_START_MS,
+    transition_end_ms: float = TRANSITION_END_MS
+) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, list[str]]:
+    """
+    Filter out windows that fall within transition zones at gesture boundaries.
+
+    This removes ambiguous data where:
+    - User is still reacting to prompt (start of gesture)
+    - User is anticipating next gesture (end of gesture)
+
+    Args:
+        X: EMG data array (n_windows, samples, channels)
+        y: Label indices (n_windows,)
+        labels: String labels (n_windows,)
+        start_times: Window start times in seconds (n_windows,)
+        end_times: Window end times in seconds (n_windows,)
+        transition_start_ms: Discard windows within this time after gesture start
+        transition_end_ms: Discard windows within this time before gesture end
+
+    Returns:
+        Filtered (X, y, labels) with transition windows removed
+    """
+    if len(X) == 0:
+        return X, y, labels
+
+    transition_start_sec = transition_start_ms / 1000.0
+    transition_end_sec = transition_end_ms / 1000.0
+
+    # Find gesture boundaries (where label changes)
+    # Each boundary is the START of a new gesture segment
+    boundaries = [0]  # First window starts a segment
+    for i in range(1, len(labels)):
+        if labels[i] != labels[i-1]:
+            boundaries.append(i)
+    boundaries.append(len(labels))  # End marker
+
+    # For each segment, find start_time and end_time of the gesture
+    # Then mark windows that are within transition zones
+    keep_mask = np.ones(len(X), dtype=bool)
+
+    for seg_idx in range(len(boundaries) - 1):
+        seg_start_idx = boundaries[seg_idx]
+        seg_end_idx = boundaries[seg_idx + 1]
+
+        # Get the time boundaries of this gesture segment
+        gesture_start_time = start_times[seg_start_idx]
+        gesture_end_time = end_times[seg_end_idx - 1]  # Last window's end time
+
+        # Mark windows in transition zones
+        for i in range(seg_start_idx, seg_end_idx):
+            window_start = start_times[i]
+            window_end = end_times[i]
+
+            # Check if window is too close to gesture START (reaction time zone)
+            if window_start < gesture_start_time + transition_start_sec:
+                keep_mask[i] = False
+
+            # Check if window is too close to gesture END (anticipation zone)
+            if window_end > gesture_end_time - transition_end_sec:
+                keep_mask[i] = False
+
+    # Apply filter
+    X_filtered = X[keep_mask]
+    y_filtered = y[keep_mask]
+    labels_filtered = [l for l, keep in zip(labels, keep_mask) if keep]
+
+    n_removed = len(X) - len(X_filtered)
+    if n_removed > 0:
+        print(f"[Filter] Removed {n_removed} transition windows ({n_removed/len(X)*100:.1f}%)")
+        print(f"[Filter] Kept {len(X_filtered)} windows for training")
+
+    return X_filtered, y_filtered, labels_filtered
+
+
 # =============================================================================
 # SESSION STORAGE (Save/Load labeled data to HDF5)
 # =============================================================================
@@ -527,16 +718,24 @@ class SessionStorage:
         windows: list[EMGWindow],
         labels: list[str],
         metadata: SessionMetadata,
-        raw_samples: Optional[list[EMGSample]] = None
+        raw_samples: Optional[list[EMGSample]] = None,
+        session_start_time: Optional[float] = None,
+        enable_alignment: bool = ENABLE_LABEL_ALIGNMENT
     ) -> Path:
         """
-        Save a collection session to HDF5.
+        Save a collection session to HDF5 with optional label alignment.
+
+        When raw_samples and session_start_time are provided and enable_alignment
+        is True, automatically detects EMG onset and corrects labels for human
+        reaction time delay.
 
         Args:
             windows: List of EMGWindow objects (no label info)
             labels: List of gesture labels, parallel to windows
             metadata: Session metadata
-            raw_samples: Optional raw samples for debugging
+            raw_samples: Raw samples (required for alignment)
+            session_start_time: When session started (required for alignment)
+            enable_alignment: Whether to perform automatic label alignment
         """
         filepath = self.get_session_filepath(metadata.session_id)
 
@@ -549,6 +748,35 @@ class SessionStorage:
         window_samples = len(windows[0].samples)
         num_channels = len(windows[0].samples[0].channels)
 
+        # Prepare timing arrays
+        start_times = np.array([w.start_time for w in windows], dtype=np.float64)
+        end_times = np.array([w.end_time for w in windows], dtype=np.float64)
+
+        # Label alignment using onset detection
+        aligned_labels = labels
+        original_labels = labels
+
+        if enable_alignment and raw_samples and len(raw_samples) > 0:
+            print("[Storage] Aligning labels to EMG onset...")
+
+            raw_timestamps = np.array([s.timestamp for s in raw_samples], dtype=np.float64)
+            raw_channels = np.array([s.channels for s in raw_samples], dtype=np.float32)
+
+            aligned_labels = align_labels_with_onset(
+                labels=labels,
+                window_start_times=start_times,
+                raw_timestamps=raw_timestamps,
+                raw_channels=raw_channels,
+                sampling_rate=metadata.sampling_rate,
+                threshold_factor=ONSET_THRESHOLD,
+                search_ms=ONSET_SEARCH_MS
+            )
+
+            changed = sum(1 for a, b in zip(labels, aligned_labels) if a != b)
+            print(f"[Storage] Labels aligned: {changed}/{len(labels)} windows shifted")
+        elif enable_alignment:
+            print("[Storage] Warning: No raw samples, skipping alignment")
+
         with h5py.File(filepath, 'w') as f:
             # Metadata as attributes
             f.attrs['user_id'] = metadata.user_id
@@ -568,19 +796,24 @@ class SessionStorage:
             emg_data = np.array([w.to_numpy() for w in windows], dtype=np.float32)
             windows_grp.create_dataset('emg_data', data=emg_data, compression='gzip', compression_opts=4)
 
-            # Labels stored separately from window data
+            # Store ALIGNED labels as primary (what training will use)
-            max_label_len = max(len(l) for l in labels)
+            max_label_len = max(len(l) for l in aligned_labels)
             dt = h5py.string_dtype(encoding='utf-8', length=max_label_len + 1)
-            windows_grp.create_dataset('labels', data=labels, dtype=dt)
+            windows_grp.create_dataset('labels', data=aligned_labels, dtype=dt)
+
+            # Also store original labels for reference/debugging
+            windows_grp.create_dataset('labels_original', data=original_labels, dtype=dt)
 
             window_ids = np.array([w.window_id for w in windows], dtype=np.int32)
             windows_grp.create_dataset('window_ids', data=window_ids)
 
-            start_times = np.array([w.start_time for w in windows], dtype=np.float64)
-            end_times = np.array([w.end_time for w in windows], dtype=np.float64)
             windows_grp.create_dataset('start_times', data=start_times)
             windows_grp.create_dataset('end_times', data=end_times)
 
+            # Store alignment metadata
+            f.attrs['alignment_enabled'] = enable_alignment
+            f.attrs['alignment_method'] = 'onset_detection' if (enable_alignment and raw_samples) else 'none'
+
             if raw_samples:
                 raw_grp = f.create_group('raw_samples')
                 timestamps = np.array([s.timestamp for s in raw_samples], dtype=np.float64)
@@ -655,13 +888,21 @@ class SessionStorage:
         print(f"[Storage] {len(windows)} windows, {len(metadata.gestures)} gesture types")
         return windows, labels_out, metadata
 
-    def load_for_training(self, session_id: str) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, list[str]]:
+    def load_for_training(self, session_id: str, filter_transitions: bool = DISCARD_TRANSITION_WINDOWS) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, list[str]]:
-        """Load a single session in ML-ready format: X, y, label_names."""
+        """
+        Load a single session in ML-ready format: X, y, label_names.
+
+        Args:
+            session_id: The session to load
+            filter_transitions: If True, remove windows in transition zones (default from config)
+        """
         filepath = self.get_session_filepath(session_id)
 
         with h5py.File(filepath, 'r') as f:
             X = f['windows/emg_data'][:]
             labels_raw = f['windows/labels'][:]
+            start_times = f['windows/start_times'][:]
+            end_times = f['windows/end_times'][:]
 
         labels = []
         for l in labels_raw:
@@ -670,18 +911,33 @@ class SessionStorage:
             else:
                 labels.append(l)
 
+        print(f"[Storage] Loaded session: {session_id} ({X.shape[0]} windows)")
+
+        # Apply transition filtering if enabled
+        if filter_transitions:
+            label_names_pre = sorted(set(labels))
+            label_to_idx_pre = {name: idx for idx, name in enumerate(label_names_pre)}
+            y_pre = np.array([label_to_idx_pre[l] for l in labels], dtype=np.int32)
+
+            X, y_pre, labels = filter_transition_windows(
+                X, y_pre, labels, start_times, end_times
+            )
+
         label_names = sorted(set(labels))
         label_to_idx = {name: idx for idx, name in enumerate(label_names)}
         y = np.array([label_to_idx[l] for l in labels], dtype=np.int32)
 
-        print(f"[Storage] Loaded for training: X{X.shape}, y{y.shape}")
+        print(f"[Storage] Ready for training: X{X.shape}, y{y.shape}")
         print(f"[Storage] Labels: {label_names}")
         return X, y, label_names
 
-    def load_all_for_training(self) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, list[str], list[str]]:
+    def load_all_for_training(self, filter_transitions: bool = DISCARD_TRANSITION_WINDOWS) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, list[str], list[str]]:
         """
         Load ALL sessions combined into a single training dataset.
 
+        Args:
+            filter_transitions: If True, remove windows in transition zones (default from config)
+
         Returns:
             X: Combined EMG windows from all sessions (n_total_windows, samples, channels)
             y: Combined labels as integers (n_total_windows,)
@@ -697,11 +953,15 @@ class SessionStorage:
             raise ValueError("No sessions found to load!")
 
         print(f"[Storage] Loading {len(sessions)} session(s) for combined training...")
+        if filter_transitions:
+            print(f"[Storage] Transition filtering: START={TRANSITION_START_MS}ms, END={TRANSITION_END_MS}ms")
 
         all_X = []
         all_labels = []
         loaded_sessions = []
         reference_shape = None
+        total_removed = 0
+        total_original = 0
 
         for session_id in sessions:
             filepath = self.get_session_filepath(session_id)
@@ -709,6 +969,8 @@ class SessionStorage:
             with h5py.File(filepath, 'r') as f:
                 X = f['windows/emg_data'][:]
                 labels_raw = f['windows/labels'][:]
+                start_times = f['windows/start_times'][:]
+                end_times = f['windows/end_times'][:]
 
             # Validate shape compatibility
             if reference_shape is None:
@@ -725,10 +987,26 @@ class SessionStorage:
                 else:
                     labels.append(l)
 
+            original_count = len(X)
+            total_original += original_count
+
+            # Apply transition filtering per session (each has its own gesture boundaries)
+            if filter_transitions:
+                # Need temporary y for filtering function
+                temp_label_names = sorted(set(labels))
+                temp_label_to_idx = {name: idx for idx, name in enumerate(temp_label_names)}
+                temp_y = np.array([temp_label_to_idx[l] for l in labels], dtype=np.int32)
+
+                X, temp_y, labels = filter_transition_windows(
+                    X, temp_y, labels, start_times, end_times
+                )
+                total_removed += original_count - len(X)
+
             all_X.append(X)
             all_labels.extend(labels)
             loaded_sessions.append(session_id)
-            print(f"[Storage]   - {session_id}: {X.shape[0]} windows")
+            print(f"[Storage]   - {session_id}: {len(X)} windows" +
+                  (f" (was {original_count})" if filter_transitions and len(X) != original_count else ""))
 
         if not all_X:
             raise ValueError("No compatible sessions found!")
@@ -742,6 +1020,8 @@ class SessionStorage:
         y_combined = np.array([label_to_idx[l] for l in all_labels], dtype=np.int32)
 
         print(f"[Storage] Combined dataset: X{X_combined.shape}, y{y_combined.shape}")
+        if filter_transitions and total_removed > 0:
+            print(f"[Storage] Total removed: {total_removed}/{total_original} windows ({total_removed/total_original*100:.1f}%)")
         print(f"[Storage] Labels: {label_names}")
         print(f"[Storage] Sessions loaded: {len(loaded_sessions)}")
 

learning_emg_filtering.py

@@ -1,41 +1,152 @@
 import numpy as np
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import h5py
-import pandas as pd
 from scipy.signal import butter, sosfiltfilt
 
 # =============================================================================
 # CONFIGURABLE PARAMETERS
 # =============================================================================
-ZC_THRESHOLD_PERCENT = 0.6   # Zero Crossing threshold as fraction of RMS
+ZC_THRESHOLD_PERCENT = 0.7  # Zero Crossing threshold as fraction of RMS
-SSC_THRESHOLD_PERCENT = 0.3  # Slope Sign Change threshold as fraction of RMS
+SSC_THRESHOLD_PERCENT = 0.6  # Slope Sign Change threshold as fraction of RMS
 
-file = h5py.File("assets/discrete_gestures_user_000_dataset_000.hdf5", "r")
+# =============================================================================
+# LOAD DATA FROM GUI's HDF5 FORMAT
+# =============================================================================
+# Update this path to your collected session file
+HDF5_PATH = "collected_data\latency_fix_106_20260127_200043.hdf5"
 
+file = h5py.File(HDF5_PATH, "r")
+
+# Print HDF5 structure for debugging
+print("HDF5 Structure:")
 def print_tree(name, obj):
-    print(name)
+    print(f"  {name}")
-
 file.visititems(print_tree)
+print()
 
-print(list(file.keys()))
+# Load metadata
+fs = file.attrs['sampling_rate']  # Sampling rate in Hz
+n_channels = file.attrs['num_channels']
+window_size_ms = file.attrs['window_size_ms']
+print(f"Sampling rate: {fs} Hz")
+print(f"Channels: {n_channels}")
+print(f"Window size: {window_size_ms} ms")
 
-data = file["data"]
+# Load windowed EMG data: shape (n_windows, samples_per_window, channels)
-print(type(data))
+emg_windows = file['windows/emg_data'][:]
-print(data)
+labels = file['windows/labels'][:]
-print(data.dtype)
+start_times = file['windows/start_times'][:]
+end_times = file['windows/end_times'][:]
 
-raw = data[:]
+print(f"Windows shape: {emg_windows.shape}")
-print(raw.shape)
+print(f"Labels: {len(labels)} (unique: {np.unique(labels)})")
-print(raw.dtype)
 
-emg = raw['emg']     
+# Flatten windows to continuous signal for filtering analysis
-time = raw['time']
+# Shape: (n_windows * samples_per_window, channels)
-print(emg.shape)
+n_windows, samples_per_window, _ = emg_windows.shape
+emg = emg_windows.reshape(-1, n_channels)
+print(f"Flattened EMG shape: {emg.shape}")
 
-dt = np.diff(time)
+# Reconstruct time vector (assumes continuous recording)
-fs = 1.0 / np.median(dt)
+total_samples = emg.shape[0]
-print("fs =", fs)
+time = np.arange(total_samples) / fs
-print("dt min/median/max =", dt.min(), np.median(dt), dt.max())
+print(f"Time range: {time[0]:.2f}s to {time[-1]:.2f}s")
+
+# =============================================================================
+# PLOT RAW EMG DATA (before filtering)
+# =============================================================================
+print("\nPlotting raw EMG data...")
+
+# Color map for channels
+channel_colors = ['#00ff88', '#ff6b6b', '#4ecdc4', '#ffe66d']
+
+# Map window indices to actual time in the flattened data
+# Window i starts at sample (i * samples_per_window), which is time (i * samples_per_window / fs)
+window_time_in_data = np.arange(len(labels)) * samples_per_window / fs
+
+# Compute global Y range across all channels for consistent comparison
+emg_global_min = emg.min()
+emg_global_max = emg.max()
+emg_margin = (emg_global_max - emg_global_min) * 0.05  # 5% margin
+emg_ylim = (emg_global_min - emg_margin, emg_global_max + emg_margin)
+print(f"Global EMG range: {emg_global_min:.1f} to {emg_global_max:.1f} mV")
+
+# Full session plot with shared Y-axis
+fig_raw, axes_raw = plt.subplots(n_channels, 1, figsize=(14, 2.5 * n_channels), sharex=True, sharey=True)
+if n_channels == 1:
+    axes_raw = [axes_raw]
+
+for ch in range(n_channels):
+    ax = axes_raw[ch]
+
+    # Plot raw EMG signal
+    ax.plot(time, emg[:, ch], linewidth=0.3, color=channel_colors[ch % len(channel_colors)], alpha=0.8)
+    ax.set_ylabel(f'Ch {ch}\n(mV)', fontsize=10)
+    ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
+    ax.set_xlim(time[0], time[-1])
+    ax.set_ylim(emg_ylim)  # Same Y range for all channels
+
+# Add gesture markers AFTER plotting
+y_min, y_max = emg_ylim
+y_text = y_min + (y_max - y_min) * 0.85  # Position text at 85% height
+for ch in range(n_channels):
+    ax = axes_raw[ch]
+
+    # Add gesture transition markers using window-aligned times
+    prev_label = None
+    for i, lbl in enumerate(labels):
+        lbl_str = lbl.decode('utf-8') if isinstance(lbl, bytes) else lbl
+        t = window_time_in_data[i]  # Time in the flattened data
+
+        if lbl_str != prev_label:
+            if 'open' in lbl_str:
+                color = 'cyan'
+            elif 'fist' in lbl_str:
+                color = 'blue'
+            elif 'hook' in lbl_str:
+                color = 'orange'
+            elif 'thumb' in lbl_str:
+                color = 'green'
+            elif 'rest' in lbl_str:
+                color = 'gray'
+            else:
+                color = 'red'
+
+            ax.axvline(t, color=color, linestyle='--', alpha=0.7, linewidth=1)
+
+            # Only add text label on first channel to avoid clutter
+            if ch == 0 and lbl_str != 'rest':
+                ax.text(t + 0.2, y_text, lbl_str, fontsize=8,
+                       color=color, rotation=0, ha='left', va='top',
+                       bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.2', facecolor='white', alpha=0.7))
+        prev_label = lbl_str
+
+axes_raw[-1].set_xlabel('Time (s)', fontsize=11)
+fig_raw.suptitle('Raw EMG Signal (All Channels)', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
+plt.tight_layout()
+plt.show()
+
+# Zoomed view of first 2 seconds to see waveform detail
+zoom_duration = 2.0
+zoom_samples = int(zoom_duration * fs)
+
+if total_samples > zoom_samples:
+    fig_zoom, axes_zoom = plt.subplots(n_channels, 1, figsize=(14, 2 * n_channels), sharex=True, sharey=True)
+    if n_channels == 1:
+        axes_zoom = [axes_zoom]
+
+    for ch in range(n_channels):
+        ax = axes_zoom[ch]
+        ax.plot(time[:zoom_samples], emg[:zoom_samples, ch],
+                linewidth=0.5, color=channel_colors[ch % len(channel_colors)])
+        ax.set_ylabel(f'Ch {ch}\n(mV)', fontsize=10)
+        ax.set_ylim(emg_ylim)  # Same Y range as full plot
+        ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
+
+    axes_zoom[-1].set_xlabel('Time (s)', fontsize=11)
+    fig_zoom.suptitle(f'Raw EMG Signal (First {zoom_duration}s - Zoomed)', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
+    plt.tight_layout()
+    plt.show()
 
 # 1) pick one channel
 emg_ch = emg[:, 0].astype(np.float32)
@@ -122,10 +233,9 @@ def compute_all_features_windowed(x, window_len, threshold_zc, threshold_ssc):
 
 
 # =============================================================================
-# COMPUTE FEATURES FOR ALL 16 CHANNELS
+# COMPUTE FEATURES FOR ALL CHANNELS
 # =============================================================================
 
-n_channels = 16
 all_features = {}  # Non-overlapping windows - for ML
 
 for ch in range(n_channels):
@@ -143,89 +253,106 @@ for ch in range(n_channels):
     all_features[ch] = {'rms': rms_i, 'wl': wl_i, 'zc': zc_i, 'ssc': ssc_i}
 
 # Time vector for windowed features
-n_windows = len(all_features[0]['rms'])
+n_feat_windows = len(all_features[0]['rms'])
-window_centers = np.arange(n_windows) * window_samples + window_samples // 2
+window_centers = np.arange(n_feat_windows) * window_samples + window_samples // 2
 time_windows = time_ch[window_centers]
 
 print(f"\nComputed features for {n_channels} channels")
-print(f"Windows per channel (non-overlapping): {n_windows}")
+print(f"Windows per channel (non-overlapping): {n_feat_windows}")
 print(f"Window size: {window_samples} samples ({window_ms} ms)")
 
-# 5) Load gesture labels (prompts)
+# 5) Use embedded gesture labels from HDF5
-prompts = pd.read_hdf("assets/discrete_gestures_user_000_dataset_000.hdf5", key="prompts")
+# Labels are per-window, aligned with emg_windows
-print("\nUnique gestures:", prompts['name'].unique())
+unique_labels = np.unique(labels)
+print(f"\nUnique gestures in session: {unique_labels}")
 
-t_abs = time_ch  # absolute timestamps
+# Map labels to time in the flattened data (same as raw plot)
-
+# Each original window i maps to time (i * samples_per_window / fs) in the flattened data
-# Find first occurrence of each gesture type
+# But we dropped `drop` samples, so adjust accordingly
-index_gestures = prompts[prompts['name'].str.contains('index')]
+label_times_in_data = np.arange(len(labels)) * samples_per_window / fs
-middle_gestures = prompts[prompts['name'].str.contains('middle')]
+print(f"Data duration: {time[-1]:.2f}s ({len(labels)} windows)")
-thumb_gestures = prompts[prompts['name'].str.contains('thumb')]
-
-# Define plot configurations: 1) Index+Middle combined, 2) Thumb separate
-plot_configs = [
-    {'name': 'Index & Middle Finger', 'start_time': index_gestures['time'].iloc[0], 'filter': 'index|middle'},
-    {'name': 'Thumb', 'start_time': thumb_gestures['time'].iloc[0], 'filter': 'thumb'},
-]
 
 # Color function for markers
 def get_gesture_color(name):
-    if 'index' in name:
+    """Assign colors to gesture types."""
-        return 'green'
+    name_str = name.decode('utf-8') if isinstance(name, bytes) else name
-    elif 'middle' in name:
+    if 'open' in name_str:
+        return 'cyan'
+    elif 'fist' in name_str:
         return 'blue'
-    elif 'thumb' in name:
+    elif 'hook' in name_str:
         return 'orange'
+    elif 'thumb' in name_str:
+        return 'green'
+    elif 'rest' in name_str:
         return 'gray'
+    return 'red'
 
 # =============================================================================
-# 6) PLOT ALL FEATURES (RMS, WL, ZC, SSC) FOR ALL 16 CHANNELS
+# 6) PLOT ALL FEATURES (RMS, WL, ZC, SSC) FOR ALL CHANNELS
 # =============================================================================
 
 feature_names = ['rms', 'wl', 'zc', 'ssc']
 feature_titles = ['RMS Envelope', 'Waveform Length (WL)', 'Zero Crossings (ZC)', 'Slope Sign Changes (SSC)']
 feature_colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green', 'purple']
-feature_ylabels = ['Amplitude', 'WL (a.u.)', 'Count', 'Count']
+feature_ylabels = ['Amplitude (mV)', 'WL (a.u.)', 'Count', 'Count']
 
-for config in plot_configs:
+# Determine subplot grid based on channel count
-    t_start = config['start_time'] - 0.5
+if n_channels <= 4:
-    t_end = t_start + 10.0
+    n_rows, n_cols = 2, 2
+elif n_channels <= 9:
+    n_rows, n_cols = 3, 3
+else:
+    n_rows, n_cols = 4, 4
 
-    # Mask for windowed time vector
+# Plot entire session for each feature
-    mask_win = (time_windows >= t_start) & (time_windows <= t_end)
+for feat_idx, feat_name in enumerate(feature_names):
-    t_win_rel = time_windows[mask_win] - t_start
+    fig, axes = plt.subplots(n_rows, n_cols, figsize=(12, 8), sharex=True, sharey=True)
-
-    # Get gestures in window
-    gesture_mask = (prompts['time'] >= t_start) & (prompts['time'] <= t_end) & \
-                   (prompts['name'].str.contains(config['filter']))
-    gestures_in_window = prompts[gesture_mask]
-
-    # Create one figure per feature
-    for feat_idx, feat_name in enumerate(feature_names):
-        fig, axes = plt.subplots(4, 4, figsize=(10, 8), sharex=True, sharey=True)
     axes = axes.flatten()
 
+    # Compute global Y range for this feature across all channels
+    all_feat_vals = np.concatenate([all_features[ch][feat_name] for ch in range(n_channels)])
+    feat_min, feat_max = all_feat_vals.min(), all_feat_vals.max()
+    feat_margin = (feat_max - feat_min) * 0.05 if feat_max > feat_min else 1
+    feat_ylim = (feat_min - feat_margin, feat_max + feat_margin)
+
     for ch in range(n_channels):
         ax = axes[ch]
 
-            # Plot windowed feature
+        # Plot windowed feature over time
-            feat_data = all_features[ch][feat_name][mask_win]
+        feat_data = all_features[ch][feat_name]
-            ax.plot(t_win_rel, feat_data, linewidth=1, color=feature_colors[feat_idx])
+        ax.plot(time_windows, feat_data, linewidth=0.8, color=feature_colors[feat_idx])
-            ax.set_title(f"Ch {ch}", fontsize=9)
+        ax.set_title(f"Channel {ch}", fontsize=10)
+        ax.set_ylim(feat_ylim)  # Same Y range for all channels
+        ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
 
-            # Add gesture markers
+        # Add gesture transition markers from labels
-            for _, row in gestures_in_window.iterrows():
+        prev_label = None
-                t_g = row['time'] - t_start
+        for i, lbl in enumerate(labels):
-                color = get_gesture_color(row['name'])
+            lbl_str = lbl.decode('utf-8') if isinstance(lbl, bytes) else lbl
-                ax.axvline(t_g, color=color, linestyle='--', alpha=0.5, linewidth=0.5)
+            t = label_times_in_data[i]  # Time in flattened data
+            if lbl_str != prev_label and lbl_str != 'rest':
+                # Only show markers within the time_windows range
+                if t <= time_windows[-1]:
+                    color = get_gesture_color(lbl)
+                    ax.axvline(t, color=color, linestyle='--', alpha=0.6, linewidth=1)
+            prev_label = lbl_str
 
-        # Set subtitle based on gesture type
+    # Hide unused subplots
-        if 'Index' in config['name']:
+    for ch in range(n_channels, len(axes)):
-            subtitle = "(Green=index, Blue=middle)"
+        axes[ch].set_visible(False)
-        else:
-            subtitle = "(Orange=thumb)"
 
-        fig.suptitle(f"{feature_titles[feat_idx]} - {config['name']} Gestures\n{subtitle}", fontsize=12)
+    # Legend for gesture colors
+    from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
+    legend_elements = [
+        Line2D([0], [0], color='cyan', linestyle='--', label='Open'),
+        Line2D([0], [0], color='blue', linestyle='--', label='Fist'),
+        Line2D([0], [0], color='orange', linestyle='--', label='Hook Em'),
+        Line2D([0], [0], color='green', linestyle='--', label='Thumbs Up'),
+    ]
+    fig.legend(handles=legend_elements, loc='upper right', fontsize=9)
+
+    fig.suptitle(f"{feature_titles[feat_idx]} - All Channels", fontsize=14)
     fig.supxlabel("Time (s)")
     fig.supylabel(feature_ylabels[feat_idx])
     plt.tight_layout()
@@ -235,9 +362,13 @@ for config in plot_configs:
 # SUMMARY: Feature statistics across all channels
 # =============================================================================
 print("\n" + "=" * 60)
-print("FEATURE SUMMARY (all channels, all windows)")
+print(f"FEATURE SUMMARY ({n_channels} channels, {n_feat_windows} windows each)")
 print("=" * 60)
 for feat_name in ['rms', 'wl', 'zc', 'ssc']:
     all_vals = np.concatenate([all_features[ch][feat_name] for ch in range(n_channels)])
     print(f"{feat_name.upper():4s} | min: {all_vals.min():10.4f} | max: {all_vals.max():10.4f} | "
           f"mean: {all_vals.mean():10.4f} | std: {all_vals.std():10.4f}")
+
+# Close the HDF5 file
+file.close()
+print("\n[Done] HDF5 file closed.")

serial_stream.py

@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ class RealSerialStream:
     @note Requires pyserial: pip install pyserial
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, port: str = None, baud_rate: int = 115200, timeout: float = 1.0):
+    def __init__(self, port: str = None, baud_rate: int = 921600, timeout: float = 0.05):
         """
         @brief Initialize the serial stream.
 
         @param port      Serial port name (e.g., 'COM3' on Windows, '/dev/ttyUSB0' on Linux).
                          If None, will attempt to auto-detect the ESP32.
-        @param baud_rate Communication speed in bits per second. Default 115200 matches ESP32.
+        @param baud_rate Communication speed in bits per second. Default 921600 for high-throughput streaming.
         @param timeout   Read timeout in seconds for readline().
         """
         self.port = port
@@ -233,6 +233,9 @@ class RealSerialStream:
                 "Must call connect() first."
             )
 
+        # Flush any stale data before starting fresh stream
+        self.serial.reset_input_buffer()
+
         # Send start command
         start_cmd = {"cmd": "start"}
         self._send_json(start_cmd)